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Although ammonia as a carbon-free fuel is regarded as an energy source worthy of significant development, how to address the shortcomings of its poor combustion properties has been a hot topic of research. Hydrogen enrichment is a promising solution to improve the combustion properties of ammonia, but at the same time, the potential explosion risk will inevitably be raised. In this paper, the effects of hydrogen volumetric fraction (chi) in NH3/H-2 on the NH3/H-2/air deflagrations were experimentally investigated in a rectangular duct with an end-opening at an initial pressure and temperature of 101 kPa and 298 K, where chi was varied from 0.1 to 0.9. Results demonstrate that flame propagation and overpressure profiles inside and outside the chamber depend on chi. Buoyancy plays a significant role in flame propagation at chi = 0.1. More prominent deformation of the flame front propagating toward the closed end (CE) was observed in the experiments with higher chi s. Helmholtz oscillations of the flame occurred in all tests, which resulted in pressure oscillations with a decreasing frequency as chi was increased. Acoustically enhanced combustion of NH3/H-2/air remained at the CE, appeared when chi >= 0.7, and acoustic-type oscillations of the internal explosion overpressure and a pressure peak of p(2) formed in these tests. The amplitude of p(2) dropped as chi varied from 0.7 to 0.9. A proportional relationship between the highest explosion overpressure inside the chamber (p(max)) and the square of the laminar burning velocity of NH3/H-2/air (s(l)(2)). When chi >= 0.3, a dominant pressure peak (p(ext)) caused by the external explosion appeared in the external overpressure profiles, and its amplitude increased as chi varied from 0.3 to 0.9.
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ENERGY & FUELS
ISSN: 0887-0624
Year: 2024
Issue: 10
Volume: 38
Page: 9110-9119
5 . 2 0 0
JCR@2023
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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
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30 Days PV: 0
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