The　microbial　fuel　cell　(MFC),　acknowledged　as　an　innovative　bioenergy　conversion　system,　has　attracted　considerable　attention　in　research.　An　MFC　is　a　device　that　utilizes　microorganisms　to　directly　convert　chemical　energy　present　in　organic　compounds　into　electrical　energy.　This　bioelectrochemical　hybrid　system　functions　not　only　as　a　power　generation　tool　but　also　as　an　effective　instrument　for　sewage　treatment,　incorporating　nutrient　recovery.　Its　noteworthy　advantages　encompass　energy　conservation,　sludge　reduction,　and　efficient　energy　conversion.　This　paper　offers　a　comprehensive　overview　of　recent　cases　that　involve　the　synergistic　treatment　of　MFC　and　traditional　sewage　treatment　technologies.　The　integration　of　MFC　with　conventional　sewage　treatment　processes　has　demonstrated　greater　efficiency　compared　to　standalone　MFC　or　traditional　sewage　treatment　methods.　This　coupled　system　shows　significant　promise　in　converting　waste　into　clean　energy,　optimizing　resource　utilization,　and　addressing　the　energy　crisis.　Significantly,　the　integration　of　MFC　with　anaerobic　fermentation　has　attracted　considerable　attention　owing　to　its　distinctive　advantages,　positioning　it　as　a　potential　future　development　trend.　The　paper　concludes　by　analyzing　the　multifaceted　benefits　of　this　coupling　system,　providing　valuable　insights　for　future　research　on　integrating　MFC　with　other　technologies.　©　2024　The　Authors