Currently,　there　is　limited　literature　on　the　study　of　the　dielectric　strength　of　insulating　barriers　under　lightning　impact　in　a　nitrogen　environment,　especially　concerning　intermediate　distances.　In　this　paper,　the　lightning　strike　voltage　withstand　characteristics　of　nitrogen　and　polymer　barrier　composites　were　investigated　using　the　environmentally　friendly　gas　nitrogen.　The　experimental　distances　ranged　from　10　cm　to　35　cm,　The　study　provides　insights　into　the　effects　of　barrier　size,　barrier　location,　barrier　material　and　barrier　surface　conditions　on　breakdown　voltage,　providing　insights　into　practical　engineering　challenges.　The　results　show　that　an　increase　in　the　barrier　size　leads　to　a　longer　breakdown　path　and　higher　breakdown　voltage　in　the　presence　of　nitrogen.　Variations　in　the　effect　of　barrier　placement　on　breakdown　voltage　were　experimentally　determined,　with　the　highest　increase　observed　when　the　barrier　between　the　high　voltage　and　ground　electrodes　was　located　at　0.2.　Despite　the　presence　of　nitrogen,　the　study　demonstrated　the　presence　of　space　charge.　Exploring　the　relationship　between　different　barrier　materials　and　space　charge,　it　was　found　that　space　charge　affects　different　material　barriers　differently,　resulting　in　an　increase　in　breakdown　voltage.　Barriers　inevitably　encounter　deposits　of　dust　or　other　contaminants.　It　was　found　that　when　the　barrier　surface　was　covered　with　conductive　dust,　the　breakdown　voltage　was　lower　than　that　when　it　was　covered　with　conductive　copper　plates.　In　order　to　verify　whether　iron　dust　causes　surface　roughness　and　reduces　the　breakdown　voltage,　a　roughness　comparison　experiment　was　conducted.　The　results　confirm　that　the　breakdown　voltage　is　independent　of　the　surface　roughness　of　the　barrier.　In　conclusion,　the　study　is　based　on　practical　considerations　and　provides　a　comprehensive　examination　of　the　lightning　strike　voltage　resistance　characteristics　of　nitrogen　polymer　barriers.　The　study　contributes　to　an　in-depth　understanding　of　the　effects　of　barrier　size,　location,　material,　and　surface　conditions　on　breakdown　voltage　and　addresses　practical　engineering　challenges.　©　2024　IEEE.