The　association　between　built　environment　and　physical　activity　has　been　recognized.　However,　how　and　to　what　extent　microscale　streetscapes　are　related　to　running　activity　remains　underexplored,　partly　due　to　the　lack　of　running　data　in　large　urban　areas.　Moreover,　few　studies　have　examined　the　interactive　effects　of　macroscale　built　environment　and　microscale　streetscapes.　This　study　examines　the　main　and　interactive　effects　of　the　two-level　environments　on　running　intensity,　using　9.73 million　fitness　tracker　data　from　Keep　in　Shanghai,　China.　Results　of　spatial　error　model　showed　that:　1)　the　explanatory　power　of　microscale　streetscapes　was　higher　than　that　of　macroscale　built　environment　with　R2　of　0.245　and　0.240,　respectively,　which　is　different　from　the　prior　finding　that　R2　is　greater　for　macroscale　built　environment　than　for　microscale　streetscape;　2)　sky　and　green　view　indexes　were　positively　associated　with　running　intensity,　whereas　visual　crowdedness　had　a　negative　effect;　3)　there　were　negative　interactions　of　land　use　Herfindahl–Hirschman　index　with　sky　and　green　view　indexes,　while　a　positive　interaction　was　observed　for　visual　crowdedness.　To　conclude,　greener,　more　open　and　less　visually　crowded　streetscapes,　can　promote　running　behavior　and　enhance　the　benefits　of　land　use　mix　as　well.　The　findings　highlight　the　importance　of　streetscapes　in　promoting　running　behavior,　instead　of　a　supplement　to　macroscale　built　environment.　©　The　Author(s)　2024.