Micro-light-emitting　diodes　(mu　LEDs),　with　their　advantages　of　high　response　speed,　long　lifespan,　high　brightness,　and　reliability,　are　widely　regarded　as　the　core　of　next-generation　display　technology.　However,　due　to　issues　such　as　high　manufacturing　costs　and　low　external　quantum　efficiency　(EQE),　mu　LEDs　have　not　yet　been　truly　commercialized.　Additionally,　the　color　conversion　efficiency　(CCE)　of　quantum　dot　(QD)-mu　LEDs　is　also　a　major　obstacle　to　its　practical　application　in　the　display　industry.　In　this　review,　we　systematically　summarize　the　recent　applications　of　nanomaterials　and　nanostructures　in　mu　LEDs　and　discuss　the　practical　effects　of　these　methods　on　enhancing　the　luminous　efficiency　of　mu　LEDs　and　the　color　conversion　efficiency　of　QD-mu　LEDs.　Finally,　the　challenges　and　future　prospects　for　the　commercialization　of　mu　LEDs　are　proposed.