Lithium　metal　batteries　(LMBs)　are　considered　as　one　type　of　the　most　promising　next-generation　energy　storage　devices　with　high-energy-density,　and　stabilizing　the　lithium　metal　anodes　(LMAs)　to　overcome　LMBs’　safety　concerns　and　performance　degradation　has　attracted　extensive　attention.　Introducing　advanced　polymer　materials　into　the　critical　components　of　LMBs　has　proven　to　be　an　effective　and　promising　approach　for　stabilizing　LMAs　toward　practical　application　of　LMBs.　In　addressing　the　lack　of　a　timely　review　on　the　emerging　progress　of　advanced　polymer　materials　in　LMBs　for　stabilizing　LMAs,　a　comprehensive　article　summarizing　the　most　recent　developments　of　multiscale　cellulose　materials,　including　micron　cellulose　(MC)　and　nanocellulose　(NC),　in　LMBs　is　reviewed.　First,　the　basic　structures　of　cellulose,　characteristics　comparison,　and　the　development　history　of　introducing　cellulose　into　LMBs　are　presented.　Furthermore,　the　roles　of　multiscale　cellulose　materials　and　functional　mechanisms　in　various　components　of　LMBs　for　stabilizing　LMAs　are　summarized.　A　general　conclusion　and　a　perspective　on　the　current　limitations　and　future　research　directions　of　cellulose-based　stable　LMBs　are　proposed.　The　aim　of　this　review　is　not　only　to　summarize　the　recent　progress　of　multiscale　cellulose　materials　in　stabilizing　LMAs　but　also　to　lighten　the　pathways　for　realizing　LMBs’　practical　application.　©　2024　Wiley-VCH　GmbH.