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Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising for large-scale energy storage due to the advantages of high safety, high theoretical capacity, and cost-effectiveness. However, the stability of AZIBs is poor (generally 50-100 cycles) at low current densities due to side reactions. Here, choline glycerophosphate (CGP) is introduced as a zwitterion additive to improve performance of AZIBs. The CGP helps to form a new solvated structure of Zn2+, named zwitterion-separated ion pair (ZSIP) structure that can link OTf- ion and repel H2O molecular. In addition, CGP can be adsorbed on anode to suppress formation of by-products ZnxOTfy(OH)(2x-y)nH(2)O, and on cathode to inhibit Zn-3(OH)(2)V2O72H(2)O phase generation. Consequently, the Zn||Cu cell shows an excellent average Coulombic efficiency of 99.79% over 800 cycles at 1 mA cm(-2) and 0.5 mAh cm(-2). Impressively, the Zn//NH4V4O10 battery demonstrates exceptional capacity retention of 95% along with a high specific capacity of 409.3 mAh g(-1) after 350 cycles under a trickle (dis)charge process (0.2 A g(-1)) and an ultra-long lifespan of 14 000 cycles at 5 A g(-1) along with a high specific capacity of 217 mAh g(-1). The concept of ZSIP opens a new avenue for developing aqueous batteries with high performance and long stability in the future.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
ISSN: 1616-301X
Year: 2024
Issue: 48
Volume: 34
1 8 . 5 0 0
JCR@2023
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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
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30 Days PV: 0
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