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author:

Wu, X. (Wu, X..) [1] | Xie, G. (Xie, G..) [2] | Xu, J. (Xu, J..) [3] | Voudouris, P. (Voudouris, P..) [4] | Liu, W. (Liu, W..) [5]

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Abstract:

Porphyry copper systems contain porphyry Cu, skarn, carbonate-replacement and epithermal deposits, and presently supply nearly all the Te and Se, and have the potential to produce Co as by-product in the future. However, few studies have investigated the distribution of Co, Te, and Se in the specific porphyry-skarn deposit. Detailed mineralogical and geochemical analyses were conducted to investigate the distribution of Co, Te, and Se across porphyry, skarn, and carbonate-replacement ore types in the Tonglvshan porphyry-skarn Cu-Fe-Au deposit, Eastern China. The early sulfide stage in three ore types is characterized by Co-bearing pyrite (Py1a, Co up to 1.3 wt%) + droplet-like tetradymite ± hessite ± cattierite. The texture transition from coarse-grained, pore-free to porous Py1a in porphyry and skarn type ores suggests a shift from stable physico-chemical conditions to gentle fluid boiling, resulting in the precipitation of Co- and Te-bearing minerals. In contrast, fine-grained euhedral Py1a in carbonate-replacement type ores implies rapid cooling from high-temperature fluid interaction with marble. The late sulfide stage, which only occurs in skarn and carbonate-replacement type ores, is characterized by Co-rich pyrite (Py2) + carrollite + hessite + Bi-sulfosalts. In skarn type ores, tetradymite-kawazulite solid solution (TKSS) + hessite + native Te + naumannite reflects intense boiling, leading to an increase in fO2 and pH that precipitates Py2b (Co up to 19.2 wt%) and carrollite, while Te and Se may precipitate through vapor phase condensation. Conversely, the presence of fine-grained carrollite, zoned Py2a, sphalerite, and galena in carbonate-replacement type ore suggests that rapid cooling and increasing pH, resulting from fluid mixing, played a significant role in the precipitation Co and Te. Furthermore, the porous texture resulting from coupled dissolution-reprecipitation (CDR) during the late sulfide stage also provided favorable conditions for the formation of micro-nano sized critical metal particles. © 2024 The Authors

Keyword:

Cobalt Critical metal Porphyry-skarn deposit Selenium Tellurium Tonglvshan

Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Wu X.]School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
  • [ 2 ] [Wu X.]MNR Key Laboratory for Exploration Theory & Technology of Critical Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
  • [ 3 ] [Xie G.]School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
  • [ 4 ] [Xie G.]MNR Key Laboratory for Exploration Theory & Technology of Critical Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
  • [ 5 ] [Xu J.]Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
  • [ 6 ] [Voudouris P.]Faculty of Geology & Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15784, Greece
  • [ 7 ] [Liu W.]Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China

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Source :

Ore Geology Reviews

ISSN: 0169-1368

Year: 2024

Volume: 174

3 . 2 0 0

JCR@2023

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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

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30 Days PV: 0

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