Sodium-ion　batteries　(SIBs)　have　attracted　much　attention　for　large-scale　energy　storage　applications　due　to　the　abundant　sodium　reserves　and　low　cost.　However,　their　use　in　high-altitude,　deep-sea,　and　aerospace　applications　has　been　affected　by　the　low-temperature　environment.　Extreme　temperatures　lead　to　a　decrease　in　the　diffusion　coefficient　of　the　sodium　ion,　slow　migration　kinetics,　formation　of　sodium　dendrites,　and　severe　interfacial　reactions.　This,　coupled　with　the　tendency　of　sodium　reactions　to　undergo　irreversible　phase　transitions,　can　seriously　degrade　the　electrochemical　and　safety　performance　of　SIBs.　Therefore,　the　rational　design　and　modification　of　cathode　materials　are　crucial　for　optimizing　the　low-temperature　performance　of　SIBs.　In　this　work,　the　research　progress　of　relevant　cathode　materials　for　SIBs,　including　layered　metal　oxides,　polyanionic　compounds,　and　Prussian　blue　analogs　in　low-temperature　environments　is　summarized.　Layered　metal　oxide　materials　undergo　further　phase　and　structural　changes　during　electrochemical　reactions　at　low　temperatures,　thus　their　life　cycle　is　somewhat　limited.　The　large　anionic　groups　of　polyanionic　materials　limits　the　energy　density　of　the　materials.　The　synthesis　of　high-purity　Prussian　blue　analogs　remains　a　major　challenge　under　low-temperature　conditions.　Existing　strategies,　such　as　surface　coating,　lattice　doping,　and　structure　optimization,　can　ameliorate　the　issues　mentioned　above.　In　addition,　an　analysis　of　the　relationship　between　superior　electrochemical　performance　and　the　modification　of　cathode　materials　is　presented.　A　summary　of　the　status　and　challenges　of　the　development　of　SIBs　at　low　temperatures　is　provided.　The　great　limitations　of　low　temperature　on　the　kinetics　during　charging　and　discharging,　as　well　as　the　unavoidable　interaction　between　positive　and　negative　electrode　materials　and　electrolyte　remain　the　most　relevant　challenges.　This　review　will　provide　a　reference　for　further　development　of　SIBs　cathode　materials　at　low　temperatures.　©　2024　Editorial　office　of　Energy　Storage　Science　and　Technology.　All　rights　reserved.