Sustainable　flame　retardants　are　crucial　to　address　environmental　concerns　and　meet　the　demands　of　high-performance　materials.　A　novel　bio-based　flame　retardant　(ANDD)　with　multiple　reactive　groups　was　synthesized　using　a　one-pot　method.　ANDD　served　as　a　co-curing　agent　for　4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane　(DDM)　in　the　cross-linking　of　EP.　Differential　scanning　calorimetry　(DSC)　revealed　that　ANDD　accelerates　the　curing　process　of　bisphenol　A　diglycidyl　ether　(DGEBA).　Thermogravimetric　analysis　indicated　that　incorporating　ANDD　lowered　the　T5%　and　Tmax　values　of　the　EP/ANDD　composites,　while　enhancing　residual　char　at　high　temperatures　due　to　its　carbon-forming　capability.　The　EP/ANDD　composites　exhibited　improved　flame　retardancy,　with　a　limiting　oxygen　index　(LOI)　of　33.6　%　at　a　5　wt%　ANDD　loading　(P　content　of　0.372　%),　achieving　a　V-0　rating　in　UL-94.　Cone　calorimetry　showed　that,　compared　to　pure　EP,　EP/ANDD-5　reduced　the　peak　heat　release　rate　(pHRR)　by　41.7　%　and　total　smoke　production　(TSP)　by　24.4　%,　outperforming　EP/DOPO　with　equivalent　phosphorus　content.　This　enhanced　flame　retardancy　is　attributed　to　the　char　layer＇s　protective　role　in　the　condensed　phase　and　radical　quenching　in　the　gas　phase.　Additionally,　EP/ANDD-3　demonstrated　a　13.8　%　increase　in　tensile　strength　and　a　20.8　%　increase　in　tensile　modulus　compared　to　pure　EP.　This　study　indicates　that　ANDD,　as　a　bio-based　flame　retardant　with　multiple　reactive　groups,　presents　a　promising　pathway　for　the　development　of　high-performance　functional　thermoset　materials.　©　2024　Elsevier　Ltd