Nanozymes　represent　a　new　generation　of　artificial　enzymes　that　combine　nanomaterial　properties　with　catalytic　activities　similar　to　those　of　natural　enzymes.　It　has　significant　advantages　in　catalytic　efficiency,　selectivity,　and　stability,　leading　to　increasing　interest　in　their　application　in　aqueous　environments.　Since　the　discovery　of　enzyme-like　activity　in　Fe3O4,　more　and　more　iron-based　nanozymes　have　been　utilised　for　the　detection　and　removal　of　pollutants.　Iron　is　a　non-toxic,　low-cost　transition　metal,　and　this　property　makes　iron-based　nanozymes　more　compatible　with　safety　requirements　in　aqueous　environmental　applications.　Although　iron-based　nanozymes　have　demonstrated　significant　advantages　in　the　water　environment　field,　the　relevant　research　is　still　in　its　infancy.　Therefore,　it　is　of　great　practical　significance　to　systematically　summarise　the　latest　applications　of　iron-based　nanozymes　in　the　water　environment.　This　paper　describes　the　common　methods　of　synthesising　iron-based　nanozymes.　In　addition,　the　applications　of　iron-based　nanozymes　in　detecting　pollutants　and　pollutant　removal　are　reviewed.　It　was　found　that　the　removal　of　pollutants　by　iron-based　nanozymes　was　mainly　achieved　through　the　reactive　oxygen　species,　whereas　the　recognition　of　pollutants　primarily　depended　on　the　reactions　of　iron-based　nanozymes,　such　as　colour　development,　fluorescence,　and　chemiluminescence.　Finally,　we　highlight　the　challenges　and　future　prospects　for　the　application　of　iron-based　nanozymes　in　water　environments.　In　summary,　this　paper　systematically　summaries　and　discusses　the　common　synthesis　methods　of　iron-based　nanozymes　and　their　applications　in　the　aquatic　environment,　with　a　view　to　providing　new　ideas　for　overcoming　the　limitations　of　traditional　pollutant　detection　and　removal　methods　and　realising　the　high-quality　development　of　iron-based　nanozymes　in　water　environment.　©　2024　by　the　authors.