Lead　is　an　indispensable　non-ferrous　metal　for　industrial　development.　As　primary　galena(PbS)　resources　are　being　exhausted,　the　utilization　of　lead　oxide　ore　resources　have　become　increasingly　important.　Compared　with　the　conventional　lead　oxide　surface　sulfidation　flotation　method　by　NaHS　dosing　in　the　pulp,　the　roasting　sulfidation　pre-treatment　method　has　the　characteristics　of　high　efficiency　and　suitable　for　various　types　of　ores.　In　this　paper,　we　firstly　demonstrate　that　pyrite(FeS2)　can　provide　a　sulfurous　atmosphere　to　convert　cerussite(PbCO3)　into　galena(PbS)　through　thermodynamic　calculations.　Then,　the　reaction　conditions　were　optimized　through　the　roasting　sulfidation　conditions　such　as　the　contact　mode,　time　and　temperature　of　the　reaction,　and　the　sulfidation　mechanism　of　cerussite　at　high　temperature　roasting　was　studied　by　using　XRF,　XRD,　SEM　and　XPS.　It　was　clarified　that　the　sulfidation　of　cerussite　was　progressed　by　reacting　with　sulfur-based　atmosphere　from　the　surface　layer　to　form　PbS,　and　then　gradually　penetrating　into　the　inner　layer　until　PbS　was　completely　generated,　and　the　recovery　rate　was　increased　from　14.95　%　to　＞80　%　after　optimization.