With　the　continuous　advancement　of　society,　an　increasing　number　of　emerging　pollutants　are　being　identified　in　the　environment.　A　substantial　body　of　literature　indicates　that　these　emerging　pollutants　can　form　composite　pollutants,　which　exhibit　heightened　toxicity　and　pose　challenges　for　removal.　However,　research　on　the　mechanisms　and　removal　methodologies　for　these　composite　pollutants　remains　limited.　In　this　study,　ciprofloxacin,　a　representative　antibiotic,　was　selected　to　investigate　the　effects　of　environmental　factors　on　its　degradation　via　electron　beam　irradiation.　This　study　explores　the　composite　mechanisms　and　interactions　between　ciprofloxacin,　microplastics,　and　heavy　metals,　elucidating　the　removal　processes　and　mechanisms　of　emerging　composite　pollutants　through　electron　beam/oxidant　systems.　The　findings　demonstrate　that　electron　beam　treatment　can　effectively　degrade　ciprofloxacin,　achieving　removal　efficiencies　approaching　100　%,　with　degradation　kinetics　following　a　pseudo-first-order　model.　The　introduction　of　oxidants　further　enhances　the　removal　efficiency　of　ciprofloxacin,　while　environmental　factors　exert　only　minimal　inhibitory　effects　on　its　degradation.　The　study　reveals　that　the　presence　of　nitrogen,　oxygen,　and　fluorine　atoms　in　ciprofloxacin　facilitates　the　formation　of　composite　pollutants　with　microplastics　and　heavy　metals　through　electrostatic　interactions,　hydrogen　bonding,　and　weak　interactions.　Furthermore,　the　electron　beam　not　only　effectively　removes　ciprofloxacin　but　also　promotes　the　aging　of　microplastics　and　the　reduction　of　heavy　metals,　presenting　a　novel　approach　for　the　remediation　of　emerging　composite　pollutants.　©　2025