Hydrogen　peroxide　(H2O2)　is　a　crucial,　eco-friendly　oxidizing　agent　with　a　wide　range　of　industrial,　environmental,　and　biomedical　applications.　Traditional　production　methods,　such　as　the　anthraquinone　process,　face　significant　challenges　in　terms　of　energy　consumption　and　environmental　impact.　As　a　sustainable　alternative,　photocatalytic　H2O2　production,　driven　by　solar　energy,　has　emerged　as　a　promising　approach.　This　review　discusses　the　key　advancements　in　photocatalytic　H2O2　synthesis,　focusing　on　overcoming　challenges　such　as　charge　recombination,　selectivity　for　the　two-electron　oxygen　reduction　reaction　(2e-　ORR),　and　catalyst　stability.　Recent　innovations　in　photocatalyst　design,　including　high-entropy　materials,　single-atom　catalysts,　and　covalent　organic　frameworks　(COFs),　have　significantly　enhanced　efficiency　and　stability.　Furthermore,　novel　strategies　for　optimizing　charge　separation,　light　harvesting,　and　mass　transfer　are　explored.　The　integration　of　artificial　intelligence　and　bioinspired　systems　holds　potential　for　accelerating　progress　in　this　field.　This　review　provides　a　comprehensive　overview　of　current　challenges　and　cutting-edge　solutions,　offering　valuable　insights　for　the　development　of　scalable,　decentralized　H2O2　production　systems　that　contribute　to　a　more　sustainable　future.