To　investigate　the　dynamic　response　characteristics　of　ship　structures　under　different　load　coupling　effects　after　being　damaged　by　shock　waves,　the　underwater　explosion　tests　were　performed　with　a　small　amount　of　TNT　detonated　beneath　elastoplastic　plates,　both　with　and　without　holes.　Subsequently,　a　finite　element　model　was　developed　based　on　the　Coupled　Eulerian-Lagrangian　(CEL)　algorithm　to　simulate　the　entire　underwater　explosion　process.　By　integrating　experimental　data　with　numerical　simulations,　the　bubble　dynamics　under　different　boundary　conditions　and　their　impact　on　the　plates　were　analyzed,　and　the　accuracy　of　the　finite　element　method　was　verified.　The　test　results　indicate　that　the　elastoplastic　plate　induces　an　upward　water　jet　from　the　bubble,　whereas　the　presence　of　holes　leads　to　generate　a　downward　water　jet.　The　finite　element　simulation　results　show　that　the　evolution　mode　of　bubbles　is　significantly　affected　by　the　thickness　of　the　elastic-plastic　plate.　As　the　plate　thickness　increases,　the　bubble　is　more　attracted　by　the　structure　and　presents　four　typical　forms:　upward　water　jet,　counter　water　jet,　downward　water　jet,　and　collapse.　When　the　thickness　of　the　steel　plate　is　less　than　0.5　cm,　the　backflow　of　water　above　the　plate　dominates　the　movement　of　bubbles,　inducing　downward　water　jet;　when　the　thickness　of　the　steel　plate　is　between　0.5—1.0　cm,　bubbles　form　a　counter　water　jet　under　the　combined　action　of　water　reflux　and　Bjerknes　force;　when　the　thickness　of　the　steel　plate　is　greater　than　1.　0cm,　the　bubbles　are　mainly　driven　by　Bjerknes　force,　forming　a　unidirectional　upward　water　jet　and　further　releasing　concentrated　upward　impact　energy,　thereby　inducing　secondary　damage　to　the　ship　structure　after　the　initial　explosion　impact.　©　2025,　China　Ordnance　Industry　Corporation.　All　rights　reserved.