Microemulsion　electrokinetic　chromatography　(MEEKC),　a　special　case　of　electrokinetic　chromatography,　accomplishes　electrokinetic　separations　using　microemulsions　as　background　electrolytes.　MEEKC　separates　solutes　based　on　hydrophobicity　and　differences　in　electrophoretic　mobility,　and　it　offers　highly　efficient　separation　of　charged　and　neutral　solutes　covering　a　wide　range　of　water　solubility.　This　review　summarizes　the　development　of　MEEKC　techniques　from　January　2008　to　June　2011.　Areas　covered　include　preconcentration　techniques,　chiral　separation,　MEEKC　coupled　to　mass　spectrometry,　and　prediction　of　solute　characteristics　and　partitioning　mechanisms.　We　introduce　the　fundamentals　of　MEEKC　and　discuss　recent　applications.　(C)　2012　Elsevier　Ltd.　All　rights　reserved.