A　commercial　activated　carbon　was　treated　in　nitrogen　flow　using　a　microwave　device　as　heat　source.　The　effect　of　microwave　treatment　of　activated　carbon　on　its　composition,　structure　and　texture,　as　well　as　ruthenium　dispersion　on　it　was　investigated　by　elemental　analysis,　X-ray　diffraction,　N-2　physisorption　and　CO　chemisorption.　It　was　found　that　the　microwave　treatment　of　activated　carbon　can　eliminate　carbon　impurities,　improve　the　stability　of　activated　carbon　support　under　the　ammonia　synthesis　condition,　at　the　same　time,　the　surface　area　and　porosity　of　activated　carbon　do　not　decrease　obviously.　With　the　microwave-treated　carbon　as　the　support,　the　Ru　catalysts　has　not　only　higher　Ru　dispersion,　but　also　can　protect　the　ruthenium　particles　from　sintering,　when　the　catalysts　were　reduced　at　higher　temperature.　The　activity　of　a　series　of　barium-promoted　or　barium-cesium-promoted,　carbon-supported　ruthenium　catalysts　for　ammonia　synthesis　was　measured　at　10　000　h(-1),　10.0　MPa　and　430　degreesC.　The　result　shows　that　the　activity　and　stability　of　the　carbon-supported　Ru　catalysts　are　greatly　improved　with　microwave-treated　carbon　as　the　support.　For　example,　with　original　carbon　as　the　support,　the　ammonia　concentration　in　the　effluent　for　4%　Ru-Ba-Cs/C　was　9.23%,　after　undergoing　the　conditions　of　1.0　MPa　and　520　degreesC　for　36　h,　the　ammonia　concentration　would　decrease　to　7.39%.　With　CW5　as　the　support,　the　ammonia　concentration　in　the　effluent　for　4%　Ru-Ba-Cs/CW5　catalyst　was　16.78%,　after　undergoing　the　above　conditions,　the　catalyst　activity　would　be　unchanged.