Poor　compatibility　of　the　interface　between　hydrophobic　resin　and　hydrophilic　bamboo　fiber　affects　the　application　of　bamboo　fiber　reinforced　resin　matrix　composites.　Steam　explosion　at　different　pressures　and　holding　time　was　applied　to　modify　the　surface　of　bamboo　fiber　in　order　to　study　the　interface　and　performance　of　bamboo　fiber　reinforced　resin　matrix　friction　materials.　The　results　show　that　steam　explosion　treatment　of　bamboo　fibers　can　make　the　impact　strength　of　the　composite　increase　by　over　10%　than　that　of　untreated　one,　and　the　effect　of　steam　pressure　on　impact　strength　of　the　samples　is　little,　however,　the　impact　strength　of　samples　gradually　increases　with　increasing　holding　time.　After　steam　explosion　of　bamboo　fibers,　the　friction　coefficient　at　elevated　temperature　improves,　braking　stability　and　heat-fade　resistance　increase,　and　the　wear　rate　reduces.　When　steam　explosion　process　is　applied　with　the　pressure　of　2　MPa　for　240　s,　modified　bamboo　fiber　reinforced　friction　composite　has　better　tribological　performance.　Surface　morphology　of　bamboo　fiber　steam　exploded　appears　gossypine　and　more　fine　grooves　obviously　so　the　specific　surface　area　is　increased.　As　a　result,　the　binding　ability　between　bamboo　fiber　and　resin　is　enhanced.　The　bamboo　fiber　bared　on　wear　surface　of　untreated　sample　turns　carbonization　and　seriously　ablation　at　elevated　temperature,　and　the　matrix　is　torn　off　under　the　external　force.　However,　lots　of　bamboo　fibers　remain　on　the　worn　surface　of　steam　exploded　sample　and　reinforce　the　matrix　effectively.　Stable　friction　films　formed　around　the　bamboo　fibers　improve　the　tribological　performance　of　the　composite　at　elevated　temperature.