Different　processes　of　alkali　treatment　were　applied　for　bamboo　fibers　to　prepare　bamboo　fiber　reinforced　resin　matrix　composite　specimens　by　hot　pressing.　The　tribological　performance　of　the　composites　was　tested　and　the　surface　morphologies　of　bamboo　fibers　and　worn　composite　samples　were　observed.　The　results　show　that　proper　alkali　treatment　of　bamboo　fiber　can　effectively　improve　the　friction　coefficient　and　stability　of　the　reinforced　resin　matrix　friction　materials.　When　the　NaOH　mass　concentration　is　200　g/L　and　treating　time　is　48　h,　the　sample　has　good　tribological　performance.　Compared　with　the　untreated　sample,　the　average　friction　factor　of　the　treated　samples　increases　from　0.21　to　0.26,　the　total　volume　wear　rate　decreases　from　2.57×10-7cm3·N-1·m-1　to　1.18×10-7cm3　·N-1·m-1,　and　the　deviation　of　friction　factor　maintains　as　low　as　0.08.　After　treaed　by　alkali,　the　different　basic　structure　units　in　lignin　of　bamboo　fiber　are　decomposed　in　different　degrees,　the　fiber　surface　becomes　rough　and　the　fiber　bundles　are　spitted　into　smaller　fibers　which　orientation　is　more　close　to　the　axial.　As　a　result,　the　interface　bonding　capacity　of　bamboo　fiber　and　resin　matrix　are　improved.　At　the　same　time,　the　alkali　treatment　makes　bamboo　fiber　supporting　resin　matrix　and　fillers　better　at　elevated　temperature,　so　thermal　recession　of　composite　materials　is　mitigated　and　the　tribological　performance　is　improved.