Creating　an　efficient　method　that　can　provide　simple,　practical　and　high-throughput　separation　of　oil-water　mixtures　has　proved　extremely　challenging.　Two-dimensional　layered　Ti3C2Tx　MXene　material　with　excellent　hydrophilicity　has　attracted　substantial　attention　for　oil-water　separation.　However,　conventional　Ti3C2Tx　separation　membranes　are　susceptible　to　contamination　by　oil　due　to　its　relatively　high　adhesion　to　oil,　hindering　its　practical　applications　in　high-efficiency　oil-water　separation.　To　make　Ti3C2Tx　have　underwater　superoleophobicity　and　low　oil　adhesion,　the　surface　of　Ti3C2Tx　can　be　modified　by　introducing　hydrophilic　groups.　Herein,　L-lysine　functionalized　Ti3C2Tx　(Ti3C2Tx-Ly)　was　firstly　prepared　by　decorating　L-lysine　on　Ti3C2Tx　through　electrostatic　interaction　and　hydrogen　bonding.　A　facile　dip-coating　method　is　then　used　to　coat　polyurethane　(PU)　sponge　with　Ti3C2Tx-Ly,　obtaining　a　superhydrophilic/underwater　superoleophobic　Ti3C2Tx-Ly　@PU　sponge.　Owing　to　the　excellent　underwater　superoleophobicity　resulting　from　hydrophilic　groups　(-OH?-　NH3)　on　the　surface　of　Ti3C2Tx-Ly　nanosheets　and　the　enlarged　interlayer　spacing　of　Ti3C2Tx,　the　Ti3C2Tx-Ly　@PU　sponges　demonstrated　outstanding　separation　performance　for　a　series　of　oil-water　mixtures.　Specifically,　the　Ti3C2Tx-Ly　@PU　sponge　exhibits　low　oil　adhesion　and　superhydrophilic　(WCA　=　0)/submerged　superoleophobic　(UOCA　＞　155)　properties.　The　Ti3C2Tx-Ly　@PU　sponges　displayed　the　best　separation　performance　for　cyclohexane/water　mixture,　and　the　maximum　permeation　flux　is　up　to　221892　L　m(-2)　h(-1),　accompanied　by　a　remarkable　separation　efficiency　of　higher　than　99.2%　after　100　cycles.　The　permeation　flux　has　exceeded　most　of　the　previous　reported　multifunctional　separation　membranes.　In　addition,　the　Ti3C2Tx-Ly　@PU　sponge　also　showed　excellent　separation　performance　for　high-density　oil　dichloromethane/water　with　a　separation　efficiency　over　99.4%.　Of　note,　the　Ti3C2Tx-Ly　@PU　sponge　features　excellent　chemical　stability　to　corrosive　media,　such　as　acidic,　alkaline,　and　high　salt　solutions,　possessing　great　potential　for　real-world　applications.