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Trichloroacetamide (TCAcAm) is among of the nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) with high cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, which is usually detected at low concentration (mu g/L) in drinking water. In this study, advanced reduction process (ARP) based on vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) was employed to eliminate TCAcAm. Compared with VUV, VUV/sulfide, and VUV/ferrous iron processes, VUV/sulfite process demonstrated excellent performance for TCAcAm decomposition, the higher removal of TCAcAm could be achieved by VUV/sulfite process (85.6 %) than VUV direct photolysis (13.5 %) due to the production of a great number of reactive species. The degradation of TCAcAm followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics well in VUV/sulfite process, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant (k(obs)) increased with increasing sulfite concentration. Reactive species quenching experiments demonstrated that e(aq)(-), SO3.- and H. were involved in the degradation of TCAcAm. The in situ generated e(aq)-, SO(3)(.-)and HO. via VUV/sulfite process were identified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and the eaq- was proved to be the dominated species (relative contribution: 83.5 %) for TCAcAm decomposition. The second -order rate constant of TCAcAm with e(aq)(-) was determined to be 2.41 x 1010 M-1 s(-1) for the first time based on competitive kinetic method. The complete TCAcAm degradation could be achieved at pH > 8.3, while TCAcAm degradation efficiency decreased to 11.9 % at pH 5.8. TCAcAm decay could be divided into two stages: rapid growth (sulfite dosage: 0.25-1.0 mM) and slow growth (sulfite dosage: 1.0-4.0 mM). The yield of e(aq)(-)was controlled by sulfite dosage, and the predict yield of e(aq)(-i)ncreased from 3.69 x 10(-14) to 2.58 x 10(-12) M with increasing the sulfite dosage from 0.25 to 4.0 mM by Kintecus 6.80, which resulted in an increase in TCAcAm removal. Meanwhile, the presence of dissolved oxygen (DO), chloride (Cl-), bicarbonate (HCO3-) and humic acid (HA) posed negative influence on TCAcAm decomposition to various degrees. Dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm), trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and Cl- were identified as intermediate products, indicated that reductive dechlorination and hydrolysis coexisted during the degradation of TCAcAm in VUV/sulfite process.
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WATER RESEARCH
ISSN: 0043-1354
Year: 2022
Volume: 225
1 2 . 8
JCR@2022
1 1 . 5 0 0
JCR@2023
ESI Discipline: ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY;
ESI HC Threshold:64
JCR Journal Grade:1
CAS Journal Grade:1
Cited Count:
SCOPUS Cited Count: 6
ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
WanFang Cited Count:
Chinese Cited Count:
30 Days PV: 3
Affiliated Colleges: