Metal–organic　frameworks　(MOFs)　are　considered　potential　electrode　materials　for　lithium-ion　batteries　(LIBs)　in　the　future　because　of　their　structural　diversity　and　high　controllability.　However,　due　to　poor　electrical　conductivity　and　few　exposed　active　sites　caused　by　structural　stacking,　MOFs　material　is　difficult　to　use　as　electrode　material　directly.　Therefore,　herein,　a　new　preparation　method　is　proposed.　Specifically,　vapors　containing　organic　ligands　reacted　with　porous　carbon　fibers　loaded　with　metal　ions　under　high　temperature　and　pressure　to　prepare　porous　carbon　nanofibers　loaded　with　nanoscale　Co-MOF　particles　(Co-MOF/Pcnf).　Compared　with　the　solvothermal　method,　the　gas-solid　reaction　method　can　limit　the　growth　of　MOFs　to　a　certain　extent.　Nanoscale　MOFs　particles　have　a　larger　specific　surface　area,　exposing　more　active　sites.　The　introduction　of　porous　carbon　fibers　enhances　electrical　conductivity.　These　properties　have　a　positive　effect　on　improving　the　performance　and　stability　of　the　corresponding　batteries.　When　used　as　an　anode　of　LIBs,　the　Co-MOF/Pcnf　composite　exhibits　a　specific　capacity　of　1036.9　mAh　g−1　after　150　cycles　at　0.5　A　g−1　and　an　excellent　long-term　cycling　capability　(820.33　mAh　g−1　at　1　A　g−1　after　300　cycles).　This　novel　preparation　method　can　provide　ideas　for　future　research　on　electrode　materials　for　MOFs.　©　2023　Wiley-VCH　GmbH.