Synergisticadsorption　and　catalytic　conversion　of　SO2　were　achievedby　metal-phenolic　modification　of　waste　collagenfibers　at　a　high　efficiency　with　industrialization　potential.　SO2　removal　is　critical　to　flue　gas　purification.However,based　on　performance　and　cost,　materials　under　development　are　hardlyadequate　substitutes　for　active　carbon-based　materials.　Here,　we　engineeredbiomass-derived　nanostructured　carbon　nanofibers　integrated　with　highlydispersed　bimetallic　Ti/CoO　x　nanoparticlesthrough　the　thermal　transition　of　metal-phenolic　functionalized　industrialleather　wastes　for　synergistic　SO2　adsorption　and　in　situcatalytic　conversion.　The　generation　of　surface-SO3　(2-)　and　peroxide　species　(O-2　(2-))　by　Ti/CoO　x　achieved　catalytic　conversionof　adsorbed　SO2　into　value-added　liquid　H2SO4,　which　can　be　discharged　from　porous　nanofibers.　This　approachcan　also　avoid　the　accumulation　of　the　adsorbed　SO2,　therebyachieving　high　desulfurization　activity　and　a　long　operating　lifeover　6000　min,　preceding　current　state-of-the-art　active　carbon-baseddesulfurization　materials.　Combined　with　the　techno-economic　and　carbonfootprint　analysis　from　36　areas　in　China,　we　demonstrated　an　economicallyviable　and　scalable　solution　for　real-world　SO2　removalon　the　industrial　scale.