Hydrogen　sulfide　(H2S)　is　a　notorious　and　lethal　gas　widely　generated　in　human　economic　activities　and　natural　occurrences.　The　growing　demand　for　pollution　control　makes　it　vital　for　the　development　of　efficient　processes　to　remove　and　convert　H2S　into　high-valued　products.　As　such,　diversified　technologies　have　been　extensively　explored,　including　H2S　splitting,　selective　oxidation　of　H2S,　and　simultaneous　conversion　of　H2S　and　CO2.　In　this　review,　the　state-of-the-art　processes　for　H2S　conversion　and　utilization　are　reviewed.　The　potentials　of　various　value-added　products　from　H2S　utilization,　such　as　H2,　syngas,　COS,　CH3SH,　and　other　sulfur-containing　fine　chemicals　are　elucidated　in　detail.　Notably,　the　traditional　and　emerging　materials　for　H2S　removal,　mainly　including　metal　oxide　catalysts　and　carbon-based　materials　are　also　overviewed　in　this　review.　In　addition,　the　catalytic　mechanisms　for　these　desulfurization　reactions　are　also　briefly　discussed.　Lastly,　perspectives　are　given　on　the　viability　and　technological　gaps　for　each　technology　and　corresponding　catalysts.　©　2023　American　Chemical　Society.