Nitrogen-doped　carbon　nanoribbons　and　nanotubes　decorated　with　Co3O4　nanoparticles　were　prepared　by　a　metal-catalyzed　graphitization-nitridization　and　oxidization　process,　using　triazole　and　melamine　as　a　solid　nitrogen/carbon　co-source,　and　assessed　as　anodes　of　lithium　ion　batteries　(LIBs).　These　composite　anodes　display　perfect　electrochemical　performance,　indicating　their　potential　for　application　in　LIBs.　©　2023　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry.