In　this　study,　a　nanorod-like　Fe2O3/graphene　nanocomposite　is　synthesized　by　a　facile　template-free　hydrothermal　method　and　a　following　calcination　in　air　at　300　A　degrees　C　for　2　h.　The　Fe2O3　nanorods　with　diameter　of　15-30　nm　and　length　of　120-300　nm　are　homogenous　distributed　on　both　sides　of　graphene.　The　morphologies　of　intermediates　at　different　hydrothermal　reaction　times　are　investigated　by　transmission　electron　microscopy　(TEM)　characterization,　and　a　possible　growth　mechanism　of　this　one-dimensional　structure　is　proposed.　It　is　shown　that　the　alpha-FeOOH　rodlike　precursors　are　formed　through　a　rolling-broken-growth　(RBG)　model,　then　the　alpha-FeOOH　is　transformed　into　alpha-Fe2O3　nanorods　during　calcinations,　preserving　the　same　rodlike　morphology.　Electrochemical　characterizations　demonstrate　that　the　Fe2O3　nanorod/graphene　composites　exhibit　a　very　large　reversible　capacity　of　1063.2　mAh/g　at　the　charge/discharge　rate　of　0.1　C.