A　novel　method　has　been　developed　by　electron　beam　irradiation　to　prepare　PbSe　nanoparticles.　2　MeV　10mA　GJ-2-II　electronic　accelerator　was　used　as　radiation　source.　Nanocrystalline　PbSe　was　prepared　rapidly　at　room　temperature　under　atmospheric　pressure　without　any　kind　of　toxic　reagents.　The　structure　and　morphology　of　prepared　PbSe　nanoparticles　were　analysed　by　X-ray　diffraction,　transmission　electron　microscope　and　atomic　force　microscope.　The　results　indicated　that　the　obtained　materials　were　cubic　nanocrystalline　PbSe　with　an　average　grain　size　of　30　nm.　The　optical　properties　of　prepared　PbSe　nanocrystalline　were　characterized　by　using　photoluminescence　spectroscopy.　The　possible　mechanism　of　the　PbSe　grain　growth　by　electron　beam　irradiation　method　is　proposed.