Photocatalysis,　a　promising　technology　to　convert　solar　energy　to　chemical　energy,　is　expected　to　relieve　the　global　energy　shortage　and　environmental　pollution　and　therefore　has　attracted　widespread　recent　research　attention.　Metal-organic　frameworks　(MOFs),　a　class　of　micro-mesoporous　hybrid　material　constructed　from　metal　or　metal　nodes　interconnected　with　multi-dentated　organic　linkers,　have　recently　been　demonstrated　to　be　promising　photocatalysts　for　a　variety　of　reactions　relevant　to　environmental　and　energy　concerns　due　to　their　unique　structure　and　characteristics.　Considering　that　MOF-based　photocatalysis　burgeoned　rapidly　during　the　past　several　years,　and　with　an　aim　to　develop　more　efficient　MOF-based　photocatalytic　materials,　it　is　still　necessary　to　summarize　the　strategies　already　reported　to　improve　the　performance　of　MOF-based　photocatalytic　materials,　even　though　several　excellent　reviews　on　MOF-based　photocatalysis　have　already　been　published.　In　this　review,　four　structural　engineering　strategies　to　improve　the　efficiency　of　MOF-based　photocatalysis　have　been　summarized.　These　strategies　include　metal　doping,　ligand　functionalization,　the　fabrication　of　ultrathin　2D　MOFs,　and　defect　engineering.　These　methods　aim　to　enhance　light　absorption,　improve　charge　separation　and　transportation,　and　create　more　catalytic　active　sites.　Personal　opinions　on　the　opportunities,　challenges,　and　developing　trends　of　MOF-based　photocatalysis　were　addressed.　This　review　aims　to　provide　guidance　for　the　rational　development　of　advanced　MOF-based　photocatalysts　by　elucidating　the　inherent　relationship　between　their　structural　properties　and　catalytic　activity.　©　2023　Dalian　Institute　of　Chemical　Physics,　the　Chinese　Academy　of　Sciences