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As an important interaction among organic cations containing aromatic rings, the pi-pi stacking interaction is a crucial factor determining the crystal structure of organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIMHs). However, the relationship between pi-pi interaction and optical properties of luminescent OIMHs is yet to be studied. (C10H10N2)Cd1-xZnxCl4 (23-Cd1-xZnxCl4) crystals with 0D structures are synthesized by using optically active 2,3 '-bipyridine as the organic ligand. When x <= 0.2, there is no pi-pi interaction among 2,3 '-bipyridinium cations in 23-Cd1-xZnxCl4 crystals. When x > 0.2, pi-pi interaction among organic cations occurs and enhances as the Zn2+ content increases. The tailoring of the pi-pi interaction endows 23-Cd1-xZnxCl4 with tunable light emitting properties, resulting in a broad band emission involving blue and orange species. The blue emission dominates when there is no pi-pi interaction, while the orange emission enhances and finally becomes dominant as the strength of pi-pi interaction increases. The pi-pi interaction promotes the energy transfer from the higher energy valley to the lower one of the S-1 state of the organic cation, resulting in the enhancement of orange emission. Notably, the 23-ZnCl crystal exhibits a photo-luminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 32%. This is the highest reported value to date among the Zn-based OIMHs, which have optical emission originating from the organic component. The mechanism of pi-pi stacking induced tunable light emission revealed in our work provides new guidance for the design of luminescent OIMHs.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
ISSN: 2050-7526
Year: 2024
Issue: 19
Volume: 12
Page: 7053-7061
5 . 7 0 0
JCR@2023
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