Estrogens　are　widely　detected　in　the　environment　and　can　strongly　disrupt　the　endocrine　systems　of　humans　in　extremely　minute　concentrations.　Therefore,　it　is　imperative　to　address　possible　17β-estradiol　(17β-E2)　pollution　and　explore　resourceful　utilization　methods　from　cow　manure,　which　contains　estrogen.　In　this　study,　cow　manure　biochar　(CBC)　was　successfully　prepared　and　used　for　the　activation　of　peroxymonosulfate　(PMS),　attaining　a　17β-E2　degradation　rate　exceeding　90　%　within　a　mere　10　min.　Optimal　degradation　performance　was　achieved　at　2　mg/L　17β-E2　concentration,　2　mM　PMS　concentration,　and　0.2　g/L　CBC　concentration.　Furthermore,　the　influence　of　biochar-activated　PMS　on　estrogen　degradation　was　thoroughly　explored　under　various　environmental　factors.　The　key　reactive　oxygen　species　were　identified　as　[rad]O2–　and　1O2　by　conducting　quenching　experiments　and　delayed　experiments.　This　study　elucidated　the　occurrence　of　direct　electron　conduction　and　the　generation　of　reactive　oxygen　species　to　degrade　17β-E2.　Furthermore,　the　phenol　group　on　the　benzene　ring　and　the　hydroxyl　group　on　the　cyclopentane　in　17β-E2　as　the　susceptible　reaction　sites　during　the　degradation　process　were　predicted　using　density　functional　theory　(DFT).　This　study　presents　promising　opportunities　for　the　resourceful　utilization　of　cattle　manure　and　the　mitigation　of　environmental　pollution　by　endocrine　disruptors.　©　2024　Elsevier　B.V.