Background:　The　prognosis　of　patients　with　hepatoblastoma　has　been　unsatisfactory.　This　study　analyzed　the　effects　of　different　treatment　methods　on　cancer-specific　survival　(CSS)　in　children　with　hepatoblastoma.　Method:　From　2000　to　2018,　patients　with　hepatoblastoma　were　included　in　the　Surveillance,　Epidemiology,　and　End　Results　(SEER)　database.　CSS　was　estimated　using　the　Kaplan–Meier　method.　Cox　regression　analysis　assessed　prognostic　factors.　The　predictive　models　were　validated　using　the　concordance　index　(C-index),　calibration　curve　and　receiver　operating　characteristic　(ROC)　curve.　Result:　Of　the　785　included　patients,　730　(93.0　%)　underwent　chemotherapy,　516　(65.7　%)　underwent　liver　tumour　resection　and　129　(16.4　%)　underwent　liver　transplantation.　Both　chemotherapy　and　surgery　could　significantly　improve　the　CSS　rate　(all　p　＜　0.001).　However,　there　was　no　difference　in　CSS　rate　between　the　two　surgical　methods　(liver　tumour　resection　and　liver　transplantation)　(p　=　0.613).　Further　subgroup　analysis　revealed　that　children　who　underwent　liver　tumour　resection　or　liver　transplantation　based　on　chemotherapy　(all　p　＞　0.05)　had　a　similar　prognosis.　Multivariate　analysis　revealed　that　age　(p　=　0.003),　race　(p　=　0.001),　operative　method　(p　＜　0.001),　chemotherapy　(p　＜　0.001),　distant　metastasis　(p　＜　0.001)　and　tumour　size　(p　＜　0.001)　were　independent　factors　related　to　CSS.　The　C-index　of　the　new　nomogram　was　0.759,　and　its　consistency　was　good.　The　ROC　curves　verified　that　the　nomogram　had　a　better　prediction　ability　for　1-,　3-　and　5-year　CSS　rates.　Conclusion:　In　children　with　hepatoblastoma,　there　was　no　statistically　significant　difference　in　CSS　between　chemotherapy　combined　with　liver　transplantation　and　liver　tumour　resection.　The　nomogram　we　constructed　demonstrated　satisfactory　CSS　prediction　ability.　©　2024　The　Authors