With　its　wide　range　of　application　scenarios,　ChatGPT　can　effectively　empower　product　research　and　development,　intelligent　manufacturing,　education,　content　production,　etc.,　which　has　a　far　-　reaching　impact　on　promotion　of　industrial　upgrading,　development　of　social　productivity,　and　improvement　of　production　tools.　However,　ethical　risks　associated　with　rapid　development　of　AI　in　the　era　of　digital　intelligence　have　aroused　concern　from　all　sides.　As　an　important　guarantee　to　ensure　sustainable　and　healthy　development　of　the　science　and　technology　activities　of　AI　enterprises,　the　ethical　governance　of　government　in　science　and　technology　is　of　key　importance　to　promote　the　resolution　of　social　risks　such　as　algorithmic　bias　and　discrimination,　data　security　challenges,　and　misuse　of　computing　power,　as　well　as　to　promote　human　well　-　being　via　science　and　technology　innovation.　Based　on　institutional　theory,　the　study　took　listed　AI　enterprises　on　the　main　board　of　A　-　shares　in　China　as　the　research　object　to　test　the　effect　and　mechanism　of　the　ethical　governance　of　government　in　science　and　technology　on　science　and　technology　for　social　good　of　AI　enterprises.　As　the　results　have　shown,　(1)　The　ethical　governance　of　government　in　science　and　technology　as　a　formal　institution　is　positively　associated　with　science　and　technology　for　social　good　of　AI　enterprises;　(2)　Social　trust　and　political　connection　as　informal　institutions　play　moderating　roles　in　the　relationship　between　the　ethical　governance　of　government　in　science　and　technology　and　science　and　technology　for　social　good　of　AI　enterprises,　showing　the　overlapping　effect　of　informal　institutions　in　collaboration　with　the　ethical　governance　of　government　in　science　and　technology　on　driving　science　and　technology　for　social　good　of　AI　enterprises;　(3)　The　results　of　heterogeneity　test　indicate　that　the　ethical　governance　of　government　in　science　and　technology　has　a　more　significant　effect　on　improving　science　and　technology　for　social　good　of　AI　enterprises　in　samples　with　high　regional　Confucianism,　large　sizes,　and　low　executive　equity　incentives.　Based　on　above,　the　study　provides　new　perspectives　on　driving　corporate　science　and　technology　for　social　good　in　the　era　of　digital　intelligence　and　empirical　insights　for　the　government　and　enterprises　to　address　ethical　risks　of　AI　and　promote　human　well　-　being,　bridging　the　gap　of　prior　research　that　ignores　the　critical　influence　of　science　and　technology　ethics　policies　on　corporate　science　and　technology　for　social　good　in　government　-　dominated　formal　systems.　Moreover,　from　practical　perspectives,　the　government　should　accelerate　the　process　of　the　ethical　governance　of　science　and　technology　in　the　field　of　AI,　strengthen　the　safety　bottom　line,　promote　AI　enterprises　to　build　explainable　AI,　and　protect　user　privacy　and　data　security.　Meanwhile,　the　government　needs　to　strengthen　the　construction　of　agile　governance　capacity,　led　by　the　government　to　create　a　dynamic　linkage　ecosystem　with　the　participation　of　enterprises,　academics,　news　media,　and　other　diversified　subjects,　to　enhance　the　government’　s　forward　-　looking　governance　level　of　ethical　risks　of　AI.　In　response　to　the　ethical　governance　of　government　in　science　and　technology,　which　includes　the　principles　of　promoting　human　well　-　being　and　controlling　risks　reasonably,　AI　enterprises,　under　the　guidance　of　regulations　and　regulatory　policies,　take　the　initiative　to　implement　self　-　governance　and　self　-　regulation　actions　such　as　integrating　ethics　into　corporate　culture　and　values,　incorporating　ethical　values　into　the　design　of　products　/　services,　and　introducing　ethical　risk　assessment　mechanisms　for　AI　products　/　services,　so　as　to　realize　ethical　business　decision　-　making　and　take　into　account　both　short　-　term　and　long　-　term　interests,　thus　promoting　science　and　technology　for　social　good.　©　2024　Editorial　Department　of　Studies　in　Science　of　Science.　All　rights　reserved.