The　rapid　advancement　of　energy　storage　technologies　highlights　the　urgent　need　for　innovative　electrochemical　energy　storage　(EES)　systems　featuring　complex　geometries.　Three-dimensional　(3D)　printing　has　emerged　as　a　groundbreaking　solution,　enabling　the　fabrication　of　customized,　high-performance　electrodes　with　precise　structural　control.　This　approach　enhances　accuracy,　convenience,　and　facilitates　improved　ion　and　electron　transport.　In　this　review,　we　systematically　summarize　recent　advancements　in　leveraging　3D　printing　techniques　for　lithium-ion　and　sodium-ion　batteries.　We　begin　by　comparing　the　unique　capabilities　of　various　3D　printing　methods　against　traditional　fabrication　techniques　for　producing　tailored　electrodes.　We　then　address　critical　challenges　across　different　battery　module　architectures-cathodes,　anodes,　electrolytes,　and　integrated　systems-highlighting　breakthroughs　in　material　selection,　ink　formulation,　and　post-processing.　Finally,　we　explore　the　future　potential　of　3D-　printed　batteries　in　next-generation　EES　devices,　emphasizing　their　role　in　advancing　customizable,　high-efficiency　solutions.　The　insights　provided　herein　illuminate　how　3D　printing　can　significantly　accelerate　the　development　of　advanced　battery　materials,　fostering　innovation　in　energy　storage　technology.　(c)　2024　Science　Press　and　Dalian　Institute　of　Chemical　Physics,　Chinese　Academy　of　Sciences.　Published　by　Elsevier　B.V.　and　Science　Press.　All　rights　are　reserved,　including　those　for　text　and　data　mining,　AI　training,　and　similar　technologies.