To　investigate　the　fire　performance　of　steel　frame　structures　in　a　real-world　fire　scenario,　a　5-story　steel　frame　building　with　reinforced　concrete　floors　was　chosen　as　the　subject.　A　thermal-mechanical　coupling　model　of　the　steel　frame　structure　was　established　by　ABAQUS　utilizing　beam　and　shell　elements.　The　fire　scenario　was　modeled　using　FDS,　and　the　temperature　profile　during　the　entire　fire　event　was　generated　through　the　fire　dynamics　simulation.　Using　finite　element　simulation,　the　study　examined　the　failure　modes,　deformation-time　curves　of　column　members,　internal　force-time　curves　for　beams　and　columns,　as　well　as　the　critical　temperatures　of　the　steel　frame　structures　under　various　fire　conditions.　Additionally,　a　parameter　analysis　was　conducted　to　explore　the　effects　of　the　beam-column　stiffness　ratio,　beam-column　bending　moment　ratio,　and　fireproof　coating　thickness　on　the　fire　response　of　the　steel　frame　buildings.　The　results　indicated　that　the　maximum　temperature　derived　from　the　FDS　simulation　exceeded　that　of　the　ISO-834　standard　temperature　curve.　Therefore,　relying　exclusively　on　the　ISO-834　standard　curve　in　performance-based　fire　design　could　result　in　unsafe　conditions.　Except　for　the　top　floor,　the　collapse　process　of　rooms　at　the　same　location　on　different　floors　exhibited　similarities　in　case　of　fire.　The　membrane　effect　of　the　floor　slab　was　found　to　increase　the　critical　temperature　of　the　steel　frame　structure　by　approximately　20　%,　thereby　improving　the　structure＇s　resistance　to　collapse.　Finally,　the　collapse　paths　of　the　steel　frame　buildings　during　a　fire　were　proposed　based　on　the　process　of　internal　force　redistribution.