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author:

Feng, Miaomiao (Feng, Miaomiao.) [1] | Xie, Wei (Xie, Wei.) [2] (Scholars:谢维) | Wang, Xia (Wang, Xia.) [3]

Indexed by:

Scopus SCIE

Abstract:

Driven by growing environmental awareness and supportive regulatory frameworks, electric vehicles (EVs) are witnessing accelerating market penetration. However, a key consumer concern remains: the economic impact of battery degradation, manifesting as vehicle depreciation and diminished driving range. To alleviate this concern, EV manufacturers commonly offer performance-guaranteed free-replacement warranties, under which batteries are replaced at no cost if capacity falls below a specified threshold within the warranty period. This paper develops a symmetry-informed analytical framework to forecast time-varying aggregate warranty replacement demand (AWRD) and to design optimal battery inventory strategies. By coupling stochastic EV sales dynamics with battery performance degradation thresholds, we construct a demand forecasting model that presents structural symmetry over time. Based on this, two inventory optimization models are proposed: the Service-Level Symmetry Model (SLSM), which prioritizes reliability and customer satisfaction, and the Cost-Efficiency Symmetry Model (CESM), which focuses on economic balance and inventory cost minimization. Comparative analysis demonstrates that CESM achieves superior cost performance, reducing total cost by 20.3% while maintaining operational stability. Moreover, incorporating CESM-derived strategies into SLSM yields a hybrid solution that preserves service-level guarantees and achieves a 3.9% cost reduction. Finally, the applicability and robustness of the AWRD forecasting framework and both symmetry-based inventory models are validated using real-world numerical data and Monte Carlo simulations. This research offers a structured and symmetrical perspective on EV battery warranty management and inventory control, aligning with the core principles of symmetry in complex system optimization.

Keyword:

battery inventory capacity degradation electric vehicle performance guarantee time-varying warranty claims

Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Feng, Miaomiao]South China Univ Technol, Sch Business Adm, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
  • [ 2 ] [Xie, Wei]Fuzhou Univ, Sch Econ & Management, Fuzhou 350116, Peoples R China
  • [ 3 ] [Wang, Xia]Guangzhou City Univ Technol, Sch Foreign Languages, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China

Reprint 's Address:

  • [Wang, Xia]Guangzhou City Univ Technol, Sch Foreign Languages, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China

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Source :

SYMMETRY-BASEL

Year: 2025

Issue: 6

Volume: 17

2 . 2 0 0

JCR@2023

Cited Count:

WoS CC Cited Count:

SCOPUS Cited Count:

ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

WanFang Cited Count:

Chinese Cited Count:

30 Days PV: 0

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