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author:

Feng, M. (Feng, M..) [1] | Xie, W. (Xie, W..) [2] | Wang, X. (Wang, X..) [3]

Indexed by:

Scopus

Abstract:

Driven by growing environmental awareness and supportive regulatory frameworks, electric vehicles (EVs) are witnessing accelerating market penetration. However, a key consumer concern remains: the economic impact of battery degradation, manifesting as vehicle depreciation and diminished driving range. To alleviate this concern, EV manufacturers commonly offer performance-guaranteed free-replacement warranties, under which batteries are replaced at no cost if capacity falls below a specified threshold within the warranty period. This paper develops a symmetry-informed analytical framework to forecast time-varying aggregate warranty replacement demand (AWRD) and to design optimal battery inventory strategies. By coupling stochastic EV sales dynamics with battery performance degradation thresholds, we construct a demand forecasting model that presents structural symmetry over time. Based on this, two inventory optimization models are proposed: the Service-Level Symmetry Model (SLSM), which prioritizes reliability and customer satisfaction, and the Cost-Efficiency Symmetry Model (CESM), which focuses on economic balance and inventory cost minimization. Comparative analysis demonstrates that CESM achieves superior cost performance, reducing total cost by 20.3% while maintaining operational stability. Moreover, incorporating CESM-derived strategies into SLSM yields a hybrid solution that preserves service-level guarantees and achieves a 3.9% cost reduction. Finally, the applicability and robustness of the AWRD forecasting framework and both symmetry-based inventory models are validated using real-world numerical data and Monte Carlo simulations. This research offers a structured and symmetrical perspective on EV battery warranty management and inventory control, aligning with the core principles of symmetry in complex system optimization. © 2025 by the authors.

Keyword:

battery inventory capacity degradation electric vehicle performance guarantee time-varying warranty claims

Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Feng M.]School of Business Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
  • [ 2 ] [Xie W.]School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
  • [ 3 ] [Wang X.]School of Foreign Languages, Guangzhou City University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China

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Source :

Symmetry

ISSN: 2073-8994

Year: 2025

Issue: 6

Volume: 17

2 . 1 4 3

JCR@2018

Cited Count:

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SCOPUS Cited Count:

ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

WanFang Cited Count:

Chinese Cited Count:

30 Days PV: 0

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